Nuclear activities offer substantial advantages to Ghana. These benefits encompass energy security and less greenhouse gas emissions. Nonetheless, the adoption of nuclear activities and its nuclear energy requires strict environmental protection measures and effective waste management systems. This paper examines the environmental impact of nuclear activities in Ghana and underscores the need for robust waste management by providing an outline of the Ghanaian nuclear energy environment and the primary national legislation governing nuclear activities and waste management of by-products of nuclear activities. It discusses the Nuclear Regulatory Authority Act, 2015 (Act 895), together with other legal frameworks, including International Laws and Regulations or legislations, conventions, pacts, and treaties that govern nuclear activities and effective waste management, for which Ghana is a signatory. This paper also analyses the nuclear cycle and the effects of the nuclear cycle on the environment, highlighting the importance of peaceful and safe use of nuclear energy and effective waste management on the environment.

The paper draws lessons from the accidents resulting from nuclear activities in other nations, including the Chernobyl and Fukushima accidents. It further discusses successful and unsuccessful waste management programs which can guide Ghana’s environmental protection template. It reviews iinternational best practices and standards and their application in Ghana. Challenges in enforcing these practices are addressed, with suggested mitigating measures.