The Portuguese were the first in India to start a Press in 1550, first book was also published by Portuguese missionaries in 1557. Only in 1684 the first British press was established. The 'Bengal Gazette' or the 'Calcutta General Advertise' was the first Indian newspaper started by James Augustus Hickey in 1780. Therefore, he is considered as the "father of Indian press" and sometimes, "The Bengal Gazette” newspaper is also known as Hickey's Gazette. This paper attacked the corrupt practices of Company officials and also criticized the government policies. And hence this paper was closed in just two years in 1782. But soon other newspaper were started like Indian Gazette, The Bengal Journal, Calcutta Chronicle, Madras Courier, and Bombay Herald. And this effort of Hickey laid the foundation of press in India. The first Indian to publish a newspaper was Gangadhar Bhattacharya who brought out the in English. In 1818 Digdarshan was started as the first Bengali weekly by Marshman from Srirampore. On December 4th 1821 Raja Ram Mohan Roy started Samvad Kaumudi and Persian weekly Mirat-ul-Akhbar in 1822. It was the Press act of 1835 which proved to be the liberator of Indian press. It scrapped down the restrictions imposed previously, by the government. The period between 1835 and 1856 was the period of liberty for Indian press and the real evolution of press happened.